Publications

Journal Articles (peer-reviewed)

Ohlms, M. L., Braunreuther, A., Krumm, S., & Schäpers, P. (in press). To abolish stereotypes, you need to be aware of them first! Development of a coding scheme to identify gender stereotypes in situational judgement tests. European Journal of Psychological Assessment.

Krumm, S., Thiel, A., Reznik, N., Freudenstein, J.-P., Schäpers, P., & Mussel, P. (in press). Creating a psychological test in a few seconds: Can ChatGPT develop a psychometrically sound situational judgment test? European Journal of Psychological Assessment.

Grunenberg, E., Stachl, C., Breil, S., Schäpers, P., & Back, M. (in press). Predicting and explaining assessment center judgments: A cross-validated behavioral approach to performance judgments in interpersonal assessment center exercises. Human Resource Management.

Heinemann, H. & Schäpers, P. (in press). Bridging the gap through innovation: Start-ups required to tackle the scientist-practitioner divide. Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 

Mönke, F. W., Roulin, N., Lievens, F., Bartossek, M. T., & Schäpers, P. (in press). Validity of social media assessments in personnel selection: A systematic review of the initial evidence. European Journal of Psychological Assessment.

Schäpers, P., Guntermann, T., Heinemann, H., & Mönke, F. W. (2024). Are good leaders also green leaders? Differentiating established and environmental leadership styles, their antecedents, and predictive validity for corporate environmental responsiveness. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12752

Bendig, D., Kleine-Stegemann, L., Bartels, F., & Schäpers, P. (2024). Family firm narcissism: Conceptualization, measurement, and relationship to innovation. International Journal of Innovation Management, 28(3-4), Article 2450011. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919624500117

Schulze, J., Heinrich, M., Freudenstein, J.-P., Schäpers, P., & Krumm, S. (2024). Uncovering hidden framings in Dark Triad self-ratings: What frames-of-reference do people use when responding to generic Dark Triad items? Assessment, 31(7), 1472-1492. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911231220357

Reznik, N., Krumm, S., Freudenstein, J.-P., Heimann, A., Ingold, P., Schäpers, P., & Kleinmann, M. (2024). Does understanding what a test measures make a difference? On the relevance of the ability to identify criteria for situational judgment test performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 32(2), 210-224. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12458

Freudenstein, J.-P., Schäpers, P., Reznik, N., Stolte, T., & Krumm, S. (2024). The influence of situational strength on the relation of personality and situational judgment test performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 32(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12444

Mönke, F. W., Lievens, F., Hess, U., & Schäpers, P. (2024). Politics speak louder than skills: Political similarity effects in hireability judgments in multiparty contexts and the role of political interest. Journal of Applied Psychology, 109(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0001124
Honored as the Editor's Choice.

Schäpers, P., Heinemann, H., Pañellas Álvarez, D., Nohr, L., & Mönke, F. W. (2024). Different culture, same situation? Translating and applying a Situational Judgment Test from Germany in Cuba. Psychological Test Adaptation and Development, 5(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1027/2698-1866/a000066

Sallach, T., Mönke, F. W., & Schäpers. P. (2024). Cybervetting of organizational citizenship behavior expectations: Profile summary as a key in LinkedIn-based assessments. Computers in Human Behavior, 154, Article 108113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.108113

Wiesweg, N., Schäpers, P., Bernhold, T., & Hartmann, T. (2024). On the challenges of inter-organisational data in real estate: The role of knowledge sharing. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 31(1), 247-263. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-12-2021-1081

Freudenstein, J.-P., Schulze, J., Schäpers, P., Mussel, P. & Krumm, S. (2023). Standardized state assessment: A methodological framework to assess person-situation processes in hypothetical situations. European Journal of Psychological Assessement. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000794

Schäpers, P., Stolte, T., & Heinemann, H. (2023). On the influence of gender quotas on the employer attractiveness of companies: Do the means harm the ends? Gender in Management, 38(3), 357-372 . https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-05-2022-0181

Schäpers, P.*, Krumm, S.*, Lievens, F., & Stenzel, N. (2023). Arousing motives or eliciting stories? On the role of pictures in a picture-story exercise. Assessment(30), 551-564. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911211036191 [*Both authors contributed equally to this work]

Hüffmeier, J., Torka, A-K., Jäckel, E., & Schäpers, P. (2022). Open science practices in IWO psychology: Urban legends, misconceptions, and a false dichotomy. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 15(4), 520-524. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2022.69

Heinemann, H., Mussel, P., & Schäpers, P. (2022). Curious enough to start up? How epistemic curiosity and entrepreneurial alertness influence entrepreneurship orientation and intention. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 1003866. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1003866

Mönke, F. W., & Schäpers, P. (2022). Too early to call: What we do (not) know about the validity of cybervetting. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 15(3), 334-341. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2022.51

Theurer, C.*, Schäpers, P.*, Tumasjan, A., Welpe, I., & Lievens, F. (2021). What you see is what you get? Measuring companies' projected employer image attributes via companies' employment webpages. Human Resource Management, 61(5), 543-561. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22085 [*Both authors contributed equally to this work]

Schäpers, P.*, Windscheid, L.*, Mazei, J., Thielsch, M., & Hertel, G. (2021). “Like will to like” or “opposites attract”? Management board diversity affects employer attractiveness. Gender in Management, 31(5), 569-590. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-10-2019-0182 [*Both authors contributed equally to this work]

Schulze, J., West, S. G., Freudenstein, J.-P., Schäpers, P., Mussel, P., Eid, M., Krumm, S. (2021). Hidden framings and hidden asymmetries in the measurement of personality – A combined lens-model and frame-of-reference perspective. Journal of Personality, 89(2), 357-375. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12586

Schäpers, P., Mussel, P., Lievens, F., König, C. J., Freudenstein, J.-P., & Krumm, S. (2020). The role of situations in situational judgment tests: Effects on construct saturation, predictive validity, and applicant perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(8), 800-818. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000457

Schäpers, P.*, Freudenstein, J.-P.*, Mussel, P., Lievens, F., & Krumm, S. (2020). Effects of situation descriptions on the construct-related validity of construct-driven situational judgment tests. Journal of Research in Personality, 87, Article 103963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103963 [*Both authors contributed equally to this work]

Freudenstein, J.-P., Schäpers, P., Römer, L., Mussel, P., & Krumm, S. (2020). Is it all in the eye of the beholder? The importance of situation construal for situational judgment test performance. Personnel Psychology, 73(4), 669–700. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12385

Schäpers, P., Lievens, F., Freudenstein, J.-P., Hüffmeier, J., König, C. J., & Krumm, S. (2020). Removing situation descriptions from situational judgment test items: does the impact differ for video-based versus text-based formats? Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 93(2), 472-494. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12297

Kaminski, K., Felfe, J., Schäpers, P., & Krumm, S. (2019). A closer look at response options: Is judgment in situational judgment tests a function of the desirability of response options? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 27(1), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12233

Mussel, P., Schäpers, P., Schulz, J.-P., Schulze, J., & Krumm, S. (2017). Assessing personality traits in specific situations: What situational judgment tests can and cannot do. European Journal of Personality, 31(5), 475-476. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2119

Krumm, S., Schäpers, P., & Göbel, A. (2016). Motive arousal without pictures? An experimental validation of a hybrid implicit motive test. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(5), 514-522. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2016.1146290

Book Chapters

Mönke, F. W., Lüdemann, H., & Schäpers, P. (2023). Cybervetting: Valide Personalauswahl mit sozialen Netzwerken? [Cybervetting: Valid personnel selection with social media?]. In K. P. Stulle & R. T. Justenhoven (Eds.), Personalauswahl 4.0: KI, Machine Learning, Gamification und andere Innovationen in der Praxis (pp. 55–71). Springer Gabler. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42142-7_4

Lievens, F., Schäpers, P., & Herde, C. N. (2021). Situational judgment tests: From low-fidelity simulations to alternative measures of personality and the person-situation interplay. In D. Wood, P. Harms, S. Read, & A. Slaughter (Eds.), Emerging approaches to measuring and modeling the person and situation (pp. 285-304). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819200-9.00017-X

Lievens, F., Schäpers, P., & Herde, C. N. (2020). Performance management: Quo vadis? In T.C. Chong (Ed.), Human capital leadership insights (pp. 185-200). Singapore Management University.

Seifert, N., Bacher, M., & Schäpers, P. (2020). Digital Leadership Test - Führungskompetenzen in der agilen Arbeitswelt. In K. P. Stulle (Ed.), Digitalisierung der Management-Diagnostik (pp. 221-246). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30905-3_10

Schäpers, P., Freudenstein, J.-P., & Krumm, S. (2019). Situational judgment tests. In M. A. Wirtz (Ed.), Dorsch – Lexikon der Psychologie. Hogrefe. https://dorsch.hogrefe.com/stichwort/situational-judgment-tests

Reporte

Heinemann, H.*, Weldert, M.*, Overwien, A., & Schäpers, P. (2024). Student Startup Monitor 2024. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/6VDYF

Magazine Articles

Mönke, F. & Schäpers, P. (2022). Cybervetting: Wie Social Media die Personalauswahl verändert [Cybervetting: How social media changes personnel selection]. Wirtschaftspsychologie aktuell, 29(3), 20-24. [LINK]

Articles in Anthologies

Platner, V. & Schäpers, P. (2016). Verhaltensökonomische Ansätze im Facility Management [Behavioral economic approaches in real estate management – An empirical Study]. In T. Bernhold, M. May, J. Mehlis, (Eds.), Handbuch Facility Management (49th ed., pp. 1-56). ecomed.

Conference Presentations

Chaired Symposia

Detel, S., & Schäpers, P. (2023, September 25–27). Biases in Assessments: Diskriminierungseffekte in psychologischer Diagnostik. 17. Arbeitstagung der Fachgruppe Differentielle Psychologie, Persönlichkeitspsychologie und Psychologische Diagnostik, Salzburg, Österreich.

Schäpers, P., & Krumm, S. (2021, September 22–24). Simulationsorientierte Auswahlverfahren: Neue Erkenntnisse, Entwicklungen und Einblicke. 12. Tagung der Fachgruppe Arbeits-, Organisations- und Wirtschaftspsychologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Chemnitz, Deutschland.

Schäpers, P., Freudenstein, J.-P., & Krumm, S. (2019, May 29–June 1). A closer look at situational judgment tests: New developments and insights. Symposium presented at the 19th convention of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology, Turin, Italy.

Presentations

Heinemann, H., Weldert, M., & Schäpers, P. (2024, September 16–19). Social Entrepreneure soweit das Auge reicht? Probleme mit Selbsteinschätzungsmaßen von Social Entrepreneurship [Social Entrepreneurs as far as the eye can see? Issues with self-assessment measures of social entrepreneurship]. In M. Landowski & L. S. Rinsdorf (Chairs), Entrepreneurship im Kontext: Forschung zu Unternehmensgründungen auf Umfeld-, inter- und intrapersoneller Ebene [Entrepreneurship in context: Research on business founding at environmental, interpersonal, and intrapersonal levels; Symposium]. 53rd Congress of the German Psychological Society, Vienna, Austria.

Mönke, F. W., Kooshani, H. F., Mankel, R., Simha, A., & Schäpers, P. (2024, September 16–19). Religion in Social Media: Bias in der Personalauswahl? [Religion in social media: Bias in personnel selection; Conference presentation]. 53rd Congress of the German Psychological Society, Vienna, Austria.

Schäpers, P., Reznik, N., Rapp, J., Schöne, T., & Heinemann, H. (2024, September 16–19). Eine KI-unterstützte SJT-Entwicklung zur situativen Messung von Social Entrepreneurship [AI-supported SJT development for situational measurement of social entrepreneurship]. In N. Reznik & A. M. Thiel (Chairs), ChatSJT 3.5: KI-gestützte Ansätze für die Entwicklung und Auswertung von Situational Judgment Tests [ChatSJT 3.5: AI-supported approaches for the development and evaluation of situational judgment tests; Symposium]. 53rd Congress of the German Psychological Society, Vienna, Austria.

Reznik, N., Krumm, S., Thiel, A. M., Freudenstein, J.-P., Schäpers, P., & Mussel, P. (2024, September 16–19). Eine KI-unterstützte SJT-Entwicklung zur situativen Messung von Social Entrepreneurship [SJT at the Click of a Mouse – Can ChatGPT Develop a Psychometrically Sound SJT?]. ]. In N. Reznik & A. M. Thiel (Chairs), ChatSJT 3.5: KI-gestützte Ansätze für die Entwicklung und Auswertung von Situational Judgment Tests [ChatSJT 3.5: AI-supported approaches for the development and evaluation of situational judgment tests; Symposium]. 53rd Congress of the German Psychological Society, Vienna, Austria.

Grunenberg, E., Klinz, J. L., Breil, S. M., Stachl, C., Schäpers, P., & Back, M. D. (2024, April 2-5). Investigating social skills at scale: A data-driven approach [Conference presentation]. 4th World Conference on Personality, Willemstad, Curacao.

Heinemann, H., Weldert, M., & Schäpers, P. (2024, April 17-20). Social entrepreneurs everywhere? Biases in self-reports of social entrepreneurship [Poster]. 39th Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Annual Conference, Chicago, IL, United States.

Mönke, F. W., Bürger, A. S., & Schäpers, P. (2024, April 17-20). When less is not more: The incomplete information bias in cybervetting. In F. W. Mönke (Chair) and J. Levashina (Discussant), How (not) to cybervet: New insights from social media in selection [Symposium]. 39th Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Annual Conference, Chicago, IL, United States.

Schäpers, P., Sallach, T., & Mönke, F. W. (2024, April 17-20). Profile summary as a key in LinkedIn-based OCB assessments. In F. W. Mönke (Chair) and J. Levashina (Discussant), How (not) to cybervet: New insights from social media in selection [Symposium]. 39th Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Annual Conference, Chicago, IL, United States.

Mönke, F. W., Kooshani, H. F., & Schäpers, P. (2024, April 17-20). (Not) Believing in hireability: Religious similarity bias in cybervetting [Poster]. Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Annual Conference, Chicago, IL, United States.

Schäpers, P., Ohlms, M. L., Braunreuther, A., & Krumm, S. (2023, September 25–27). Alte Rollenmodelle in der Personalauswahl? Ein Kodierschema zur Identifizierung stereotyper Geschlechtsannahmen in simulativen Auswahlinstrumenten [Conference Presentation]. 17. Arbeitstagung der Fachgruppe Differentielle Psychologie, Persönlichkeitspsychologie und Psychologische Diagnostik, Salzburg, Österreich.

Detel, S., Ksinzyk, K., Schäpers, P., & Krumm, S. (2023, September 25–27). Der Einfluss des Genderns von Items auf die psychometrische Güte von Fragebogen [Conference Presentation]. 17. Arbeitstagung der Fachgruppe Differentielle Psychologie, Persönlichkeitspsychologie und Psychologische Diagnostik, Salzburg, Österreich. 

Schäpers, P., Ohlms, M. L., Braunreuther, A., & Krumm, S. (2023, September 12-15). Faire Auswahlinstrumente? Die Identifizierung von Geschlechterstereotypen in simulativen Auswahlinstrumenten – eine Inhaltsanalyse. In J. C. Büttner & D. Vesper (Chairs), Ungleichheit am Arbeitsplatz und bei Auswahlverfahren [Symposium]. 13th Congress of the German Psychological Society, Section for Work, Organizational and Business Psychology, Kassel, Germany.

Vesper, D., Schäpers, P., & König, C.J. (2023, September 12–15). Diskriminierung ist nicht in Ordnung, aber ...: Wann ist eine Diskriminierung aufgrund der politischen Orientierung legitim? [Conference Presentation]. 13. Fach­grup­pen­ta­gung der Fach­grup­pe Ar­beits-, Or­ga­ni­sa­ti­ons- und Wirt­schafts­psy­cho­lo­gie ge­mein­sam mit der Fach­grup­pe In­ge­nieur­psy­cho­lo­gie, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Kassel, Germany.

Heinemann, H., Weldert, M., & Schäpers, P. (2023, September 12-15). Verantwortung als kompetitiver Recruiting Vorteil für Start-ups. In J. Friedrich (Chair), Entrepreneurship [Symposium]. 13th Congress of the German Psychological Society, Section for Work, Organizational and Business Psychology, Kassel, Germany.

Mönke, F. W., Bürger, A. S., & Schäpers, P. (2023, September 12-15).  (K)ein Like aus der Personalabteilung? Fehlende Informationen und Entscheidungsprozesse in Cybervetting. In J. Basch & H. Lingel (Chairs), Digitalisierung in der Personalauswahl [Symposium]. 13th Congress of the German Psychological Society, Section for Work, Organizational and Business Psychology, Kassel, Germany.

Ohlms, M. L., Braunreuther, A., Krumm, S., & Schäpers, P. (2023, May 24-27). Are our selection instruments actually free of stereotypes? Development of a coding scheme to detect gender stereotypes in situational judgement tests [Conference presentation]. 21st Congress of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology, Katowice, Poland. 

Mönke, F. W., Bürger, A. S., & Schäpers, P. (2023, May 24–27). No profile, no job?  The role of missing information and recruiter perceptions in cybervetting [Conference presentation]. 21st Congress of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology, Katowice, Poland. 

Heinemann, H., Weldert, M., & Schäpers, P. (2023, May 24–27). Applying for impact. Social and environmental responsibility as a competitive advantage for start-up talent acquisition [Conference presentation]. 21st Congress of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology, Katowice, Poland.

Heinemann, H., Mussel, P., & Schäpers, P. (2022, September 10–15). “Curious enough to start up?” Epistemische Neugier als Prädiktor für Unternehmensgründung [Epistemic curiosity as a predictor for business creation; conference presentation]. 52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Hildesheim, Germany.

Mönke, F. W., Hess, U., & Schäpers, P. (2022, September 10–15). Judging applicants by their political cover: The role of interests, experience and multi-party context in cybervetting similarity biases [Conference presentation]. 52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Hildesheim, Germany.

Hommel, B., Nilsson, A., & Schäpers, P. (2022, July 12–15). The effectiveness of high-dimensional semantic construct-vectors in measuring personality traits with open-ended questions [Conference presentation]. 20th European Conference of Personality, Madrid, Spain.

Mönke, F. W., Hess, U., & Schäpers, P. (2022, May 9–13). Knowing me, hiring you: Multiparty context, political interest, and recruiter experience influence political similarity biases in personnel selection [Conference presentation]. XII Encuentro Internacional de Estudiantes de Psicología [12th International Meeting of Psychology Students], La Habana, Cuba.

Heinemann, H., Mussel, P., & Schäpers, P. (2022, May 9–13). Curious enough to start up? Using epistemic curiosity for predicting entrepreneurship and the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness [Conference presentation]. XII Encuentro Internacional de Estudiantes de Psicología [12th International Meeting of Psychology Students], La Habana, Cuba.

Schäpers, P., Lievens, F., Freudenstein, J.-P., Schulze, J., König, C. J., & Krumm, S. (2019, May 29–June 1). Which kind of situational information is needed to make situational judgment tests situational? 19th Convention of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology, Turin, Italy.

Freudenstein, J.-P., Schäpers, P., Römer, L., Mussel, P., & Krumm, S. (2019, May 29–June 1). Is it all in the eye of the beholder? The importance of situation construal for situational Judgment test performance. 19th Convention of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology, Turin, Italy.

Freudenstein, J.-P., Schäpers, P., Mussel, P., & Krumm, S. (2019, September 15–20). Führt empirical option weighting zur Verbesserung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften von Situational Judgment Tests? 51th Convention of the German Psychological Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Schäpers, P., Lievens F., & Krumm, S. (2017, September 13–15). Wie situational sind videobasierte Situational Judgment Tests? 10th Convention of the German Organizational and Business Psychology Society, Dresden, Germany.

Freudenstein, J.-P., Schäpers, P., & Krumm, S. (2017, September 13–15). Messen Situational Judgement Tests die Wahrnehmung situativer Informationen? 10th Convention of the German Organizational and Business Psychology Society, Dresden, Germany.

Schäpers, P., Lievens F., König C., & Krumm, S. (2017, May 17–20). How important are situations for the validity of written or video-based situational judgment tests? 18th Convention of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology, Dublin, Ireland.

Schäpers, P., Lievens, F., & Krumm, S. (2017, April 27–29). How situational are video-based situational judgment tests? 32th Convention of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Orlando, FL, USA.

Schäpers, P., Lievens F., König C., & Krumm, S. (2016, September 18–22). Situational Judgment Tests ohne Situation – Auswirkungen auf Konstrukt- und Kriteriumsvalidität. 50th Convention of German Psychological Society, Leipzig, Germany.

Schäpers, P., Lievens, F., König, C., & Krumm, S. (2016, July 1–4). Does taking away situations from situational judgment tests affect their validity? 10th International Test Commission Conference, Vancouver, Canada.

* indicate shared authorship