Oracle Net8 Administrator's Guide
Release 8.0
A58230-01

Contents

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

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1 Introducing Net8

What Happened to SQL*Net?

Net8 Applications

Network Transparency

Protocol Independence

Media/Topology Independence

Heterogeneous Networking

Large Scale Scalability

Scalability Features

Manageability Features

Oracle Net8 Assistant

Security Features

Multiprotocol Support Using Oracle Connection Manager

Oracle Trace Assistant

Native Naming Adapters

2 Understanding Net8

Net8 Operations

Connect Operations

Connecting to Servers

Establishing Connections with the Network Listener

Bequeathed Sessions to Dedicated Server Processes

Redirected Sessions to Existing Server Processes

Refused Sessions

Disconnecting from Servers

User-Initiated Disconnect

Additional Connection Request

Abnormal Connection Termination

Timer Initiated Disconnect or Dead Connection Detection

Data Operations

Exception Operations

Net8 and the Transparent Network Substrate (TNS)

Net8 Architecture

Stack Communications

Stack Communications in an Oracle networking environment

Client-Server Interaction

Server-to-Server Interaction

3 Planning Your Network

Planning Overview

Defining Your Network Layout

Resolving Service Names

Establishing a Connection Using the Host Naming Option

Host Naming Zero Configuration Scenario

Establishing a Connection Using the Local Naming Option

Configuring Local Naming

Centralized Naming using Oracle Names

Establishing a Connection Using the Centralized Naming Option

Configuring Centralized Naming

External Naming

Establishing a Connection Using the External Naming Option

Configuring External Naming

Oracle Names and Native Naming Adapters

Choosing a Naming Method

Improving Large Network Performance

Managing Connection Requests

Connection Pooling

Connection Concentration

Using Connection Pooling and Concentration

Listener Load Balancing

Randomizing Client Requests Among Several Listeners

Optimizing Data Transfer by Adjusting the Session Data Unit (SDU) Size

Persistent Buffer Flushing for TCP/IP

Configuring Listener Queuesize

Planning Summary

4 Configuring Network Services

Zero Listener Configuration

Configuring the Network Listener

Naming the Listener

Configuring Listening Addresses

Defining Multiple Listening Addresses

Interprocess Communication (IPC) Listening Addresses

Configuring the Listener to Handle Larger Volumes of Connection Requests

Configuring the Listener for Database Services

Global Database Name

Oracle Home Directory

System Identifier (SID)

Configuring Prestarted or Prespawned Dedicated Server Processes

Registering Information with a Names Server

Configuring Other Listener Features

Configuring Protocol Specific Parameters

Configuring Validnode Checking

Configuring Persistent Buffer Flushing

Configuring Dead Connection Detection

5 Configuring Network Clients

Configuring Network Clients Using Oracle Net8 Assistant

Local Naming Configuration File

Oracle Net8 Assistant

The Oracle Net8 Assistant and Java

Starting the Oracle Net8 Assistant

Configuring a Profile Using the Oracle Net8 Assistant

Configuring Naming Methods

Default Naming Methods

Adding or Editing Naming Methods

Configuring Tracing Features

Configuring Logging Features

Routing Connection Requests

Configuring Advanced Net8 Functionality

TNS Time-Out Value

Registering Unique Client Identifiers

Turning Off Signal Handling

Disabling Out of Band Breaks

Configuring Security Features

Configuring the Server as a Client

Configuring Service Names Using the Oracle Net8 Assistant

Adding Service Names

Modifying Service Names

Configuring Advanced Service Name Options

Global Database Name

Session Data Unit (SDU) Size

Source Route Addresses

Configuring Clients to Use Oracle Names

Configuring the Client to Use Centralized Naming

Discovering Names Servers on the Network

How the Discovery Process Works

Client Cache Daemon Process

Starting the Client Cache Daemon Process

6 Oracle Names

What Oracle Names Does

Why Use Oracle Names?

How Oracle Names Works

Continuous Replication vs. Database Storage of Service Names

Single Region vs. Multiple Regions

What Data is Stored in a Names Server

Using Oracle Names with the Oracle Net8 Assistant

Configuring a Names Server

Starting a Names Server

Loading Service Names Information Into a Names Server

Creating a Database to Store Names Server Information

Creating a Database in a Delegated Region

Organizing and Naming Network Components

Single Domain Model

Hierarchical Naming Model

Default Domains

Multiple Domains

Using Consistent Domain Names

Using Regions to Decentralize Administrative Responsibilities

How Multiple Region Networks Are Organized

7 Oracle Connection Manager

What Oracle Connection Manager Does

Connection Concentration

Network Access Control

Multiple Protocol Support

How Oracle Connection Manager Works

Connection Manager Processes

Configuring Oracle Connection Manager

Configuring the Connection Manager to Listen on Multiple Addresses

Enabling Connection Concentration Features

Specifying Network Access Control Rules

Configuring Clients to Use Oracle Connection Manager

Starting Oracle Connection Manager

8 Using Net8

Procedures to Get the Network Running

Net8 Component Testing Methodology

Net8 Control Utilities

Using the Oracle Names Control Utility (NAMESCTL)

Starting a Names Server

Testing a Names Server

Test Network Objects Using NAMESCTL

Using the Listener Control Utility (LSNRCTL)

Starting a Listener

Test a Listener

Using the Connection Manager Control Utility (CMCTL)

Starting Oracle Connection Manager

Testing Oracle Connection Manager

Starting TNSPING

TNSPING Examples

Effect on Performance

Starting the Trace Route Utility

Examples of Trace Route Output

Testing a Client

Connecting from the Operating System to Test a Client

Connecting from the Tool Logon Screen to Test a Client

Connecting from 3GL to Test a Client

Connecting Using Special Commands within Tools

Checklist for Troubleshooting Common Startup Problems

9 Migrating to Net8

Migrating from SQL*Net version 2

Why Migrate to Net8?

Considerations for Migrating to Oracle Names version 8

Migrating from Oracle Names version 2 using a Database

Migrating from Oracle Names version 2 using the Dynamic Discovery Option

Checklist for Ensuring Proper Migration to Oracle Names version 8

Other Obsolete Parameters

Using Oracle Connection Manager instead of Oracle MultiProtocol Interchange

Migration Scenarios

Migrating an existing Oracle7 Database to Oracle8

Installing a new Oracle8 database in an existing Oracle7 network

Migrating SQL*Net v2 clients to Net8

Migrating to Oracle8 with Oracle Names

10 Troubleshooting Net8

Troubleshooting Common Network Errors

Troubleshooting Network Problems Using Log and Trace Files

Logging Error Information

Setting Log Parameters

Changing Log File Names

Changing Log File Directories

Using Log Files

Listener's Log Audit Trail

Format of the Listener's Log Audit Trail

Using Audit Trail Information

Tracing Error Information

Setting Tracing Parameters

Setting Trace Parameters Using Component Configuration Files

Setting Trace Parameters Using Component Control Utilities

Setting Trace Parameters Using Oracle Trace

Evaluating Net8 Traces

Understanding the Flow of Data Packets Between Network Nodes

Understanding Pertinent Error Output

Using the Trace Assistant to Examine Your Trace Files

Understanding Information Traversing the Network in Net8 Packets

Analyze the Data Collected into Appropriate Statistics

Example of a Trace File

Contacting Oracle Customer Support

11 Net8 Enhancements for Programmers

Net8 OPEN API Function Calls

Finding the Net8 OPEN Applications Program Interface

Building Your Own Application

Configuring the System to Use Your Net8 OPEN Application

Sample Programs

Net8 OPEN API Errors

UNIX Client Programming

Signal Handler and Alarm Programming

Oracle OSD Signal Handling Rules

Bequeath Adapter

Child Process Termination

12 Extending Net8 Functionality

Oracle Enterprise Manager

Oracle Advanced Networking Option

Oracle Security Server

A Control Utility Reference

Listener Control Utility (LSNRCTL)

LSNRCTL Commands

Oracle Names Control Utility (NAMESCTL)

NAMESCTL Operating Modes

NAMESCTL Parameter Options

NAMESCTL SET and SHOW Modifiers

NAMESCTL's Distributed Operation

NAMESCTL Security

Confirmation Mode in NAMESCTL

NAMESCTL Commands

Connection Manager Control Utility (CMCTL)

B Configuration Parameters

Syntax Rules for Configuration Files

Further Syntax Rules for Configuration Files

Network Character Set

Service Name Character Set

Profile Parameters (SQLNET.ORA)

Local Naming Parameters (TNSNAMES.ORA)

Listener Parameters (LISTENER.ORA)

Oracle Names Parameters (NAMES.ORA)

Oracle Connection Manager Parameters (CMAN.ORA)

Protocol-specific Parameters (PROTOCOL.ORA)

C Sample Configuration Files

Profile (SQLNET.ORA)

Local Naming Configuration File (TNSNAMES.ORA)

Listener Configuration File (LISTENER.ORA)

Names Server Configuration File (NAMES.ORA)

Oracle Connection Manager Configuration File (CMAN.ORA)

D Native Naming Adapters

System Requirements

How the NIS Naming Adapter Interacts with SQL*Net and Oracle

Oracle Database Service Names are Stored in a Separate NIS Map

Configuring NIS Servers to Support the NIS Adapter

Add the tnsnames Map to the Existing Set of NIS Maps

Verifying that the tnsnames Map Has Been Properly Installed

How the NDS Adapter Interacts with SQL*Net and Oracle

What the Client Does

What the Server Does

System Requirements

Optional Configuration Parameters for Clients and Servers

Optional Configuration Parameter for the Client

Optional Configuration Parameter for the Server Configuration

Known Limitations

Glossary

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