Dr. Sarah Humberg
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Postdoctoral Research Associate
Room: P 5 (Pavilion 1) Consultation-hour: By arrangement via E-Mail Phone: +49 (2 51) 83 - 3 13 42 E-Mail: sarah.humberg [at] uni-muenster.de CV: English
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Research interests
- Consequences of positive self-views, self-enhancement, and self-knowledge
- Response Surface Analysis and extensions
- Information-theoretic approach to compare multiple hypotheses
PhD project (2013 – 2019) on (how to investigate) consequences of positive, too positive, or accurate intellectual self-views
In my PhD project, that I finished in March 2019, I investigated self-views about intellectual ability from a differential point of view. More specifically, I was interested in whether intellectual self-views, as well as their relation to "real" ability, are predictive of individual differences in intra- and interpersonal adjustment (e.g., self-esteem, well-being, status, or popularity).
Several contradictory hypotheses about this association have been suggested in the literature. For example, it was suggested that higher self-views should go along with better psychological adjustment (Beneficial Positivity of Self-View Hypothesis). Alternatively, it was suggested that rather the relation of self-viewed versus real ability should be predictive of adjustment differences: The Beneficial Self-Enhancement Hypothesis states that people should be better adjusted the more their self-view exceeds (or the less it trails behind) their true ability. As a final example, the Self-Knowledge Hypothesis posits that self-views should accurately mirror reality to bear adjustment benefits.
Existing literature testing these and related hypotheses painted a contradictory and thus confusing empirical pattern. The main reason for this might be (a) several methodological challenges that arise in the statistical test of the mentioned hypotheses and (b) the fact that previous research has selectively tested one of the suggested alternatives against the uninformative null hypothesis, thereby ignoring other potential explanations of the data.
In my PhD project, together with colleagues from diverse universities, I aimed to overcome these problems. To address the methodological challenges, we suggested a statistical model that represents the Beneficial Self-Enhancement Hypothesis and, in contrast to previous approaches, allows differentiating evidence for this hypothesis from evidence supporting the Beneficial PSV Hypothesis (Humberg et al., 2018a; see also Humberg et al., 2018b). We also identified statistical models that represent the other hypotheses that were suggested in the literature (e.g., the Self-Knowledge Hypothesis) by drawing from the literature on Response Surface Analysis (RSA; e.g., see Humberg, Nestler, & Back, 2019).
Finally, we used data from several large-scale studies (PILS, Connect, data that is provided by researchers from other universities) to simultaneously test the various alternative hypotheses simultaneously in one competitive test (Humberg et al., 2019). To this aim, we combined the identified statistical representations (e.g., the RSA models) with an information-theoretic approach for multiple hypothesis evaluation. This approach allowed us to quantify the relative evidence for each of the suggested alternative hypotheses, so that we could tell which hypotheses did versus did not find empirical support when they were compared to all theoretically relevant alternatives.
Finally, we derived statistical models that future research can adopt to test two nuanced versions of a congruence hypothesis (e.g., of the Self-Knowledge Hypothesis), namely the expectations that (a) incongruence in one direction (e.g., overestimation of one's intelligence) is more detrimental for an outcome than incongruence in the other direction (e.g., underestimation), and that (b) the strength of a congruence effect varies, depending on the predictor level (e.g., self-knowledge matters for persons on low self-view and ability levels, but plays a minor or no role for persons on higher levels).
Publications
in press
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
Book chapters
Published Software
Unpublished PreprintsJournal articles (peer-reviewed)
in press
Humberg, S., Grund, S., & Nestler, S. (in press). Estimating nonlinear effects of random slopes: A comparison of multilevel structural equation modeling with a two-step, a single-indicator, and a plausible values approach. Behavior Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-024-02462-9 supplemental materials pdf
Humberg, S., Kuper, N., Rentzsch, K., Gerlach, T. M., Back, M. D., & Nestler, S. (in press). Investigating the effects of congruence between within-person associations: A comparison of two extensions of response surface analysis. Psychological Methods. supplemental materials pdf
2024
Nestler, S. & Humberg, S. (2024). Univariate autoregressive structural equation models as mixed-effects models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 31(2), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2023.2212865 supplemental materials pdf
Scharbert, J., Humberg, S., Kroencke, L., Reiter, T., Sakel, S., Horst, J. ter, Utesch, K., Gosling, S. D., Harari, G., Matz, S. C., Schoedel, R., Stachl, C., Aguilar, N. M. A., Amante, D., Aquino, S. D., Bastias, F., Bornamanesh, A., Bracegirdle, C., Campos, L. A. M., . . . Back, M. D. (2024). Psychological well-being in Europe after the outbreak of war in Ukraine. Nature Communications, 15(1), 1202. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976231222288 pdf
2023
Humberg, S., Gerlach, T. M., Franke-Prasse, T., Geukes, K., & Back, M. D. (2023). Is (Actual or Perceptual) Personality Similarity Associated With Attraction in Initial Romantic Encounters? A Dyadic Response Surface Analysis. Personality Science, 4, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7551 supplemental materials pdf
Kroencke, L., Humberg, S., Breil, S. M., Geukes, K., Zoppolat, G., Balzarini, R. N., Alonso-Ferres, M., Slatcher, R. B., & Back, M. D. (2023). Extraversion, social interactions, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Did extraverts really suffer more than introverts? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 125(3), 649–679. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000468 preprint supplemental materials pdf
Park, Y., Gordon, A., Humberg, S., Muise, A., & Impett, E. A. (2023). Differing levels of gratitude between romantic partners: Concurrent and longitudinal links with satisfaction and commitment in six dyadic datasets. Personality Science, 4, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.10537 supplemental materials pdf
Salditt, M., Humberg, S., & Nestler, S. (2023). Gradient tree boosting for hierarchical data. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 58(5), 911-937. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2022.2146638 pdf
2022
Förster, N., Humberg, S., Hebbecker, K., Back, M. D., & Souvignier, E. (2022). Should teachers be accurate or (overly) positive? A competitive test of teacher judgment effects on students’ reading progress. Learning and Instruction, 77, 101519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2021.101519 supplemental materials pdf
Humberg, S., Dufner, M., Schönbrodt, F. D., Geukes, K., Hutteman, R., van Zalk, M. H. W., Denissen, J. J. A., Nestler, S., & Back, M. D. (2022). The true role that suppressor effects play in condition-based regression analysis: None. A reply to Fiedler (2021). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 123(4), 884–888. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000428 preprint supplemental materials pdf
Humberg, S. & Grund, S. (2022). Response surface analysis with missing data. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 57, 581-602. http://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2021.1884522 supplemental materials pdf
Humberg, S., Schönbrodt, F. D., Back, M. D., & Nestler, S. (2022). Cubic response surface analysis: Investigating asymmetric and level-dependent congruence effects with third-order polynomial models. Psychological Methods, 27(4), 622–649. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000352 preprint supplemental materials pdf
Nestler, S. & Humberg, S. (2022). A lasso and a regression tree mixed-effect model with random effects for the level, the residual variance, and the autocorrelation. Psychometrika, 87, 506–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-021-09787-w supplemental materials pdf
2021
Mielke, I., Humberg, S., Leckelt, M., Geukes, K., & Back, M. D. (2021). Do narcissists self-enhance? Disentangling the associations between narcissism and positive versus enhanced self-views across aspects of narcissism, content domains, and comparison criteria. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 12(5), 580–592. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550620930543 supplemental materials pdf
Nestler, S., & Humberg, S. (2021). GIMME’s ability to recover group-level path coefficients and individual-level path coefficients. Methodology, 17(1), 58-91. https://doi.org/10.5964/meth.2863 supplemental materials pdf
Wieczorek, L.L., Humberg, S., Gerstorf, D., & Wagner, J. (2021). Understanding loneliness in adolescence: A test of competing hypotheses on the interplay of extraversion and neuroticism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312412 supplemental materials open access article pdf
2020
Mota, S., Humberg, S., Krause, S., Fatfouta, R., Geukes, K., Schröder-Abé, M., & Back, M. D. (2020). Unmasking Narcissus: A competitive test of existing hypotheses on (agentic, antagonistic, neurotic, and communal) narcissism and (explicit and implicit) self-esteem across 18 samples. Self and Identity, 19(4), 435–455. http://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2019.1620012 pdf
2019
Deventer, J., Humberg, S., Lüdtke, O., Nagy, G., Retelsdorf, J., & Wagner, J. (2019). Testing competing hypotheses on the interplay of importance and support of the basic psychological needs at work and personality development with response surface analysis. Collabra: Psychology, 5(1), 39. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.214 supplemental materials open access article pdf
Humberg, S., Dufner, M., Schönbrodt, F. D., Geukes, K., Hutteman, R., Küfner, A. C. P., van Zalk, M. H. W., Denissen, J. J. A., Nestler, S., & Back, M. D. (2019). Is accurate, positive, or inflated self-perception most advantageous for psychological adjustment? A competitive test of key hypotheses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116(5), 835–859. doi:10.1037/pspp0000204 pdf preprint supplemental materials
Humberg, S., Nestler, S., & Back, M. D. (2019). Response surface analysis in personality and social psychology: Checklist and clarifications for the case of congruence hypotheses. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(3), 409–419. doi:10.1177/1948550618757600 pdf preprint supplemental materials
Mota, S., Leckelt, M., Geukes, K., Nestler, S., Humberg, S., Schröder-Abé, M., Schmukle, S. C., Back, M. D. (2019). A comprehensive examination of narcissists’ self-perceived and actual socioemotional cognition ability. Collabra: Psychology, 5(1), 6. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.174 pdf
Nestler, S., Humberg, S., & Schönbrodt, F. D. (2019). Response surface analysis with multilevel data: Illustration for the case of congruence hypotheses. Psychological Methods, 24(3), 291–308. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000199 pdf supplemental materials
2018
Humberg, S., Dufner, M., Schönbrodt, F. D., Geukes, K., Hutteman, R., van Zalk, M. H. W., Denissen, J. J. A., Nestler, S., & Back, M. D. (2018). Enhanced versus simply positive: A new condition-based regression analysis to disentangle effects of self-enhancement from effects of positivity of self-view. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(2), 303-322. doi:10.1037/pspp0000134 osf preprint supplemental materials pdf
Humberg, S., Dufner, M., Schönbrodt, F. D., Geukes, K., Hutteman, R., van Zalk, M. H. W., Denissen, J. J. A., Nestler, S., & Back, M. D. (2018). Why Condition-Based Regression Analysis (CRA) is indeed a valid test of self-enhancement effects: A response to Krueger et al. (2017). Collabra: Psychology, 4(1), 26. doi: http://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.137 open access article pdf
Schönbrodt, F. D., Humberg, S., & Nestler, S. (2018). Testing similarity effects with dyadic response surface analysis. European Journal of Personality, 32(6), 627-641. doi:10.1002/per.2169. pdf preprint supplemental materials
Book chapters
Humberg, S., Förster, N., Kaiser, J., Schönbrodt, F.D. (2017). Konsequenzen akkurater Lehrerurteile: Response Surface Analyse als statistisches Verfahren zur Untersuchung von Übereinstimmungshypothesen. In A. Südkamp, A.-K. Praetorius (Hrsg.). Diagnostische Kompetenz von Lehrkräften: Theoretische und methodische Weiterentwicklungen (S. 174-200). Münster: Waxmann. pdf supplemental materials
Published Software
Schönbrodt, F. D. & Humberg, S. (2020). RSA: An R package for response surface analysis. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/package=RSA
Unpublished Preprints
Wurst, S. N., Humberg, S., & Back, M. (2018). Rose-colored glasses in initial romantic encounters? Examining positive partner illusions and their interpersonal consequences in the very early stages of romantic acquaintance. Retrieved from https://osf.io/48sh2/ pdf preprint
Wurst, S. N., Humberg, S., & Back, M. (2018). The impact of mate value in first and subsequent real-life romantic encounters. Retrieved from https://osf.io/adej3/ pdf preprint
Presentations
Humberg, S. (2024). Understanding individual differences in within-person contingencies: Measurement, analysis, and empirical examples. Symposium at the 4th World Conference on Personality (Willemstad, Curacao, April 2-5, 2024).
Humberg, S., Grund, S., & Nestler, S. (2024). Methods for testing effects of contingencies: A comparison of a 2-step and an MSEM approach. Talk at the 4th World Conference on Personality (Willemstad, Curacao, April 2-5, 2024).
Humberg, S., Kuper, N., Rentzsch, K., Gerlach, T. M., Back, M. D., & Nestler, S. (2023). Investigating effects of similarity in terms of within-person associations: An extension of Response Surface Analysis. Poster presented at the 8th biennial conference of the Association for Research in Personality (Evanston, USA, July 20-22, 2023).
Humberg, S. (2023). Response Surface Analysis. Talk in the research colloquium of the University of Hamburg, Department for Quantitative Methods in Psychology (Hamburg, Germany, May 30, 2023).
Humberg, S. (2023). Response Surface Analysis. Workshop at the FDZ Spring Academy 2023 of the Institute for Educational Quality Improvement, IQB, Humboldt-University of Berlin (online workshop, March 28-29, 2023).
Humberg, S., Kuper, N., Rentzsch, K., Back, M. D., & Nestler, S. (2022). Eine Erweiterung der Response Surface Analyse zur Untersuchung von Ähnlichkeitseffekten in Bezug auf Within-Person Assoziationen. Talk at the 52nd congress of the German Psychological Society (Hildesheim, Germany, September 10-15, 2022).
Humberg, S., Kuper, N., Rentzsch, K., Back, M. D., & Nestler, S. (2022). Investigating effects of similarity in terms of within-person associations: An extension of Response Surface Analysis. Poster presented at the 20th European Conference on Personality (Madrid, July, 12-15, 2022).
Humberg, S. (2022). Response Surface Analysis. Workshop at the FDZ Spring Academy 2022 of the Institute for Educational Quality Improvement, IQB, Humboldt-University of Berlin (online workshop, March 31 - April 01, 2022)
Humberg, S. (2020). Response Surface Analysis. Talk at the Society for Personality and Social Psychology’s Annual Convention (New Orleans, USA).
Humberg, S., Schönbrodt, F. D., Back, M. D., & Nestler, S. (2019). Kubische Response Surface Analyse: Polynomiale Modelle zum Testen asymmetrischer und level-abhängiger Kongruenzhypothesen. Talk at the 14th meeting of the section Methods and Evaluation of the German Psychological Society (Kiel, September 15-18, 2019).
Humberg, S., Zimmermann, J., Nestler, S., Leising, D., Back, M.D. (2019). Is self-other agreement about personality advantageous for psychological adjustment? A response surface analysis. Talk at the 3rd World Conference on Personality (Hanoi, Vietnam, April 2 - 6, 2019).
Humberg, S. (2018). Response Surface Analyse in der psychologischen Forschung: Ein mächtiges Werkzeug (nicht nur) zum Testen von Kongruenzhypothesen. Symposium at the 51th Congress of the German Society for Psychology (DGPs) (Frankfurt am Main, Germany, September 15-20, 2018).
Humberg, S., Nestler, S., & Back, M. D. (2018). Response Surface Analyse in der psychologischen Forschung: Ein Leitfaden und wichtige Klarstellungen für den Fall von Kongruenzhypothesen. Talk at the 51th Congress of the German Society for Psychology (DGPs) (Frankfurt am Main, Germany, September 15-20, 2018).
Humberg, S., Leising, D., Zimmermann, J., Nestler, S., Schmukle, S. C., Egloff, B., & Back, M. D. (2018). Is self-other agreement about personality advantageous for psychological adjustment? A response surface analysis. Talk at the 19th European Conference on Personality (Zadar, Croatia, July 17-21, 2018).
Humberg, S. (2018). Response Surface Analysis. Talk at the IPN - Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (Kiel, Germany, March 6, 2018).
Humberg, S., & Dufner, M. (2017). Die Genauigkeit von Fremd- und Selbstwahrnehmungen: Prozesse und Konsequenzen. Symposium at the 14th meeting of the section Differential Psychology and Psychological Assessment of the German Psychological Society (Munich, Germany, September 04-06, 2017).
Humberg, S., Dufner, M., Schönbrodt, F., Geukes, K., Hutteman, R., Küfner, A. C. P., van Zalk, M. H. W., Denissen, J. J. A., Nestler, S., & Back, M. D. (2017). Die Adaptivität von intellektueller Selbstüberschätzung und Selbstkenntnis: Ein empirischer Vergleich zentraler Hypothesen. Talk at the 14th meeting of the section Differential Psychology and Psychological Assessment of the German Psychological Society (Munich, Germany, September 04-06, 2017).Geukes, K. & Humberg, S. (2016). Gemeinsam aus der Vertrauenskrise: Ein Wegweiser für Dich und mich. Symposium at the 48th ASP-Tagung (Münster, Germany, May 5 - 7, 2016)
Geukes, K. & Humberg, S. (2016). Wissenschaftlicher Praxisworkshop: Ein Wegweiser zu Open Science. Workshop at the 48th ASP-Tagung (Münster, Germany, May 5 - 7, 2016)
Humberg, S., & Dufner, M. (2016). Genauigkeit von Selbst- und Fremdurteilen: Moderatoren und Konsequenzen. Symposium at the 50th Congress of the German Society for Psychology (DGPs) (Leipzig, Germany, September 18-22, 2016).
Humberg, S., Dufner, M., Schönbrodt, F., Geukes, K., Hutteman, R., van Zalk, M. H. W., Denissen, J. J. A., Nestler, S., & Back, M. D. (2016). A Response Surface Analysis approach to the consequences of intellectual self-knowledge and self-enhancement. Talk at the 18th European Conference on Personality (Timisoara, July, 19-23, 2016).
Humberg, S., Dufner, M., Schönbrodt, F., Geukes, K., Hutteman, R., van Zalk, M., Denissen, J. J. A., Nestler, S., Back, M. D. (2016). Eine Response Surface Analyse zu Konsequenzen von intellektueller Selbstkenntnis und Selbstüberschätzung. Talk at the 50th Congress of the German Society for Psychology (DGPs) (Leipzig, Germany, September 18-22, 2016).
Humberg, S., & Wurst, S. N. (2016). Self-knowledge and social outcomes: Intra- and interpersonal consequences of accurate self-perceptions. Symposium at the 18th European Conference on Personality (Timisoara, July, 19-23, 2016).
Humberg, S. (2015). Response Surface Analyse zur Untersuchung von Übereinstimmungseffekten. Workshop at the working meeting of the network "Diagnostische Kompetenz von Lehrkräften – Theoretische und methodische Weiterentwicklungen“ (Münster, Germany, November 14, 2015).
Humberg, S., Dufner, M., Schönbrodt, F., Geukes, K., Hutteman, R., Denissen, J., Nestler, S., & Back, M. D. (2015). Glaub an dich, egal wie dumm du bist? Eine Response Surface Analyse der Konsequenzen von intellektueller Selbstüberschätzung. Talk at the 13th meeting of the section Differential Psychology and Psychological Assessment of the German Psychological Society (Mainz, September 21-23).
Humberg, S. (2015). Response Surface Analyse zur Untersuchung von Übereinstimmungseffekten. Workshop at the Methodology Center of the University of Koblenz-Landau (Landau, Germany, July 2, 2015).
Humberg, S., Schönbrodt, F., Dufner, M., & Back, M. D. (2015). Believe in Your Skills, No Matter How Dumb You Are? Poster presented at the 1st International Convention of Psychological Science (Amsterdam, March, 12-14, 2015).
Humberg, S., Nestler, S., Schmukle, S. C., Egloff, B., & Back, M. D. (2014). Eine Response Surface Analyse der Effekte von Persönlichkeitsselbstkenntnis auf Popularität und Lebenszufriedenheit. Talk at the 49th Congress of the German Psychological Society (Bochum, September, 21-25, 2014).
Humberg, S., Nestler, S., Schmukle, S. C., Egloff, B., & Back, M. D. (2014). A response surface analysis of the effects of personality self-knowledge on popularity and life satisfaction. Poster presented at the 17th European Conference on Personality (Lausanne, July, 15-19, 2014). (This poster received the first prize of the Poster award of the European Association of Personality Psychology.)