Selbsttäuschung in Ishiguros Erzählwerk
„How often do we tell our own life story? How often do we adjust, embellish, make sly cuts? And the longer life goes on, the fewer are those around to challenge our account, to remind us that our life is not our life, merely the story we have told about our life. Told to others, but - mainly - to ourselves.“
(Julian Barnes: The Sense of an Ending, 2011, S. 95)
Narrating one’s own life can reclaim agency and enable individuals to establish and maintain coherent selves in the resisting and highly dynamic worlds of contemporary (fictional) societies. These narratives of negotiating identities can also be located throughout Kazuo Ishiguro’s autodiegetic-narrations like An Artist of a floating world (1986), The Remains of the Day (1989), When we were Orphans (2000) and Never let me go (2005).
But what happens if at some point these (self-)narratives depart from the diegeses’ logics? How much are storyworld participants willing to sacrifice in order to maintain coherent and unified notions of their own existence? And what happens when such narratives collapse? These questions are pondered upon in theories of Self-Deception.
The OED defines Self-Deception as “The action or practice of allowing oneself to believe that a false or unvalidated feeling, idea, or situation is true”. This implies agency, as well as a paradoxical perception of knowledge: How can one (want to) believe something that one knows to be false? I claim that the aforementioned auto-diegetic narrators can be labelled self-deceived and that Self-Deception in correlation with Paul Ricoeur’s (and others’) concept(s) of Narrative Identity can be utilized to render these otherwise irrational and paradoxical identity-strategies intelligible.
With the decentralization of the subject and an increasing struggle to achieve identity within rapidly dissociating cultural communities, individuals are challenged with the quest for establishing coherent images of themselves without society’s comforting and securing propositions that used to cater to the need for a notion of a unified self well into the second half of the last century. In the wake of the twenty-first century research shifted towards narrative- and project-orientated identity-constructions, rooted in the perception that humans are rather rationalizing than rational animals (Kraus, 2000).
This project intends to show that Self-Deception is mainly an epistemological problem that evolves around the knowledge-formation-processes of the narrating protagonists. I will show that Self-Deception can be analysed as an individual’s (active) coping process when struggling with identity-formation and -maintenance. Self-Deception can be clearly distinguished from related phenomena like (psychoanalytical) repression, delusion, lies, etc. and is thus able to focus on problems of agency, intentionality and motivation, and their relationship to the competing notions of consciousness. Further Self-Deception is able to address strategies that established narratological concepts would render unreliable or untrustworthy without the implied moral judgement and other deficiencies that tarnish the applicability of these concepts to contemporary literature.